This online course explores the development of diabetic macular edema (DME) and retinal vein occlusion (RVO), with a focus on inflammation, neurodegeneration, and emerging screening strategies. International experts will review current evidence on retinal neuroinflammation, neurovascular impairment, and the role of steroids in treatment, followed by insights into screening programs across Europe and real-world applications of artificial intelligence in diabetic retinopathy screening and progression prediction.